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Publications

DeltaQuest's projects yield publications, the primary currency in research, and these articles are published in a variety of professional journals. If you are interested in a particular article, please select the article from the subjects listed here to the left.

Please note that some articles are listed in more than one category.

Methodological Focus

Altruism

Schwartz CE and Sendor M. Helping others helps oneself: Response shift effects in peer support.Social Science and Medicine 1999; 48(11):1563-1575.
Schwartz CE, Meisenhelder JB, Ma A, and Reed G. Altruistic social interest behaviors are associated with better mental health. Psychosomatic Medicine 2003;65:778-785.
Schwartz CE. Altruism and Subjective Well-Being: Conceptual Model and Empirical Support. In: Post, S.G. (Ed.), Altruism & Health: Perspectives from Empirical Research. Oxford University Press: Oxford, United Kingdom, 2007; chapter 2: 33-42.
Schwartz CE, Keyl P, Bode R, Marcum J. Helping others shows differential benefits on health and well-being for male and female teens. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2009; 10(4):431-448.
Schwartz CE. Can helping others help oneself? Reflections on altruism, health and well-being. In: Burns, G. (Ed.), Happiness, Healing, Enhancement: Your new Article (book collection for applying positive psychology in therapy. John Wiley and Sons: New York, 2010, 151-163.
Schwartz CE, Quaranto BR, Bode R, Finkelstein JA, Glazer PA, Sprangers MAG. Doing Good, Feeling Good, and Having More: Resources Mediate the Health Benefits of Altruism Differently for Males and Females with Lumbar Spine Disorders. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 2012;7(3):263-279. Online First DOI 10.1007/s11482-012-9165-y.
Schwartz CE. Altruism and health. Invited chapter to the Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (Ed. Dr. Norbert M. Seel, Publisher: Springer); , 2012; Part 1: 202-205. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_1023.
Schwartz CE, Quaranto BR, Gray K. Altruism and health: Theoretical perspectives. In: Efklides, A. and Moraitou, D. (Eds.) Quality of Life: A Positive Psychology Perspective on Quality of Life, Social Indicators Research Series 51. DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-4963-4_7. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012,
Schwartz CE, Quaranto BR, Healy BC, Benedict RH, Vollmer T. Altruism and health outcomes in multiple sclerosis: The effect of cognitive reserve. Journal of Positive Psychology, 2013; 8(2):144-152. DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2013.776621.

Behavioral Interventions

Schwartz CE, and Rogers M. Designing a psychosocial intervention to teach coping flexibility. Rehabilitation Psychology 1994;39(1):61-76,
Schwartz CE. Teaching coping skills enhances quality of life more than peer support: Results of a randomized trial with multiple sclerosis patients. Health Psychology 1999; 18(3):211-220.
Schwartz CE and David E. To everything there is a season: A written expression intervention for closure at the end of life. In: Lepore S and Smith J (Eds.), The Writing Cure, American Psychological Association: Washington, DC, 2002, 257-278.

Clinical Research Methodology

Schwartz CE and Fox B. Who says yes? Identifying selection biases in a psychosocial intervention study of multiple sclerosis. Social Science and Medicine 1995;40(3):359-370.
Schwartz CE, Kozora E, and Zeng Q. Towards patient collaboration in cognitive assessment: Specificity, sensitivity, and incremental validity of self-report. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 1996:18(3):177-184.
Schwartz CE, Chesney MA, Irvine MJ, and Keefe FJ. The control group dilemma in clinical research: Applications for psychosocial and behavioral medicine trials. Psychosomatic Medicine 1997;59:362-371.
Schwartz CE. Design Issues for Clinical Research in Health Psychology. In: Johnston M and Johnston D (Eds.), Comprehensive Clinical Psychology: Health Psychology (Volume 8). Elsevier Science: Oxford 1998, pp. 137-151.
Schwartz CE, Brotman S, and Jilinskaia E. Methodological Considerations for Psychosocial Intervention Studies. In: A. Vingerhoets (Ed.), Advances in Behavioral Medicine Assessment for the series Biobehavioral Perspectives on Health and Disease Prevention. Brunner-Routledge Publishers: East Sussex, UK, 2001:49-71.
Schwartz CE and Patrick DL. Composite scores for PRO measures in comparative effectiveness research: Counterbalancing parsimony and dimensionality. Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research, 2014;3(4):423-433.
Schwartz CE, Grover SA, Edwards K, Alper G, Banwel B, Breiner P, Gorman M, Graves J, Hart J, Lotze TE, Mar S, Mednick L, Ness J, Noguera AE, Quon E, Schreine T, Waldman A, Waubant E, Slater R, Powell VE, Yeh EA. Risk factors for non-adherence to disease-modifying therapy in pediatric multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 2017;1-11. DOI: 10.1177/135245851769469,
Yeh EA, Grover SA, Powell VE, Banwel B, Edwards K, Gorman M, Graves J, Mah J, Mednick L, Obadia M, Slater R, Waldman A, Wauvant E, Schwartz CE. Impact of an electronic monitoring device and behavioral feedback on adherence to multiple sclerosis therapies in youth: Results of a randomized trial. Quality of Life Research, 2017.Published online first April 9. DOI 10.1007/s11136-017-1571-z.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Stucky BD. Response-shift effects in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A secondary analysis of clinical-trial data. Quality of Life Research, 2020; Dec 2:1-16.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Stucky BD, Li Y, Rapkin BD. Response-shift effects in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Estimating response-shift-adjusted scores using equating. Quality of Life Research, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02727-8.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Borowiec K, Nolte S, Myren KJ. Norm-based comparison of the quality-of-life impact of Ravulizumab and Eculizumab in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 2021;16:389. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-021-02016-8.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Biletch E, Stuart RBB, Li Y. Comparing human coding to two natural language processing algorithms in aspirations of people affected by Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences, 2022; 13: (1):15-40.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD. Double-blinded is not better than 'mutually enlightened': Implications of Lord-Besson et al. Invited editorial, JNCI Cancer Spectrum, 2023: February 23. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkad013.
Balasuberamaniam P, Wasim A, Shrikumar M, Chen T, Anthony T, Phillips A, Nathens A, Chapman M, Crawford E, Schwartz CE, Finkelstein JA. Predictors of sacral ulcers in patients with complete spinal cord injury: A case-control study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2023; 24:239. DOI:10.1186/s12891-023-06369-y.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K, Rapkin BD. When better is the enemy of good: Two cautionary tales of conceptual validity versus parsimony in clinical psychometric research. Quality of Life Research, 2024 in press.

Cognitive Reserve

Schwartz CE, Snook E, Quaranto BR, Benedict RB, Vollmer T. Cognitive Reserve and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis. MS Journal 2013; 19(1):87-105.
Schwartz CE, Snook E, Quaranto BR, Benedict RB, Rapkin BD, Vollmer T. Cognitive Reserve and Appraisal in Multiple Sclerosis. MS and Related Disorders, 2013; 2:36-44.
Schwartz CE, Quaranto BR, Healy BC, Benedict RH, Vollmer T. Altruism and health outcomes in multiple sclerosis: The effect of cognitive reserve. Journal of Positive Psychology, 2013; 8(2):144-152. DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2013.776621.
Schwartz CE, Quaranto BR, Healy BC, Benedict, RHB, Vollmer T. Cognitive reserve and symptom experience in multiple sclerosis: A buffer to disability progression over time? Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2013;94:1971-81.
Booth AJ, Rodgers JD, Schwartz CE, Quaranto BR, Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R, Benedict RHB. Active Cognitive Reserve Influences the Regional Atrophy to Cognition Link. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2013;19:1-6. DOI 10.1017/S1355617713001082.
Benedict RHB, Schwartz CE, Duberstein P, Hoogs M, Dwyer M, Zivadinov R, Weinstock-Guttman M. Personality Traits and the Effects of Brain Atrophy on Neuropsychiatric Features in Multiple Sclerosis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 2013 75:253-261.
Schwartz CE, Ayandeh A, Rodgers J, Duberstein P, Weinstock-Guttman B, Benedict RHB. A new perspective on proxy report: Investigating implicit processes of understanding through patient-proxy congruence. Quality of Life Research, 2015 ; 24(11):2637-2649. DOI 10.1007/s11136-015-1017-4.
Schwartz CE, Ayandeh A, Benedict RHB, Weinstock-Guttman B, Ramanathan M, Dwyer M, Zivadinov R. Reserve-building activities in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls: A descriptive study. BMC Neurology, 2015, 15:135. DOI:10.1186/s12883-015-0395-0.
Sandroff B, Schwartz CE, and DeLuca J. Measurement and maintenance of reserve in multiple sclerosis: a review. Journal of Neurology 2016: 263(11):2158-2169. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8104-5.
Roy S., Schwartz CE, Duberstein P, Dwyer MG, Zivadinov R, Bergsland N, Weinstock-Guttman B, Powell VE, Benedict RHB. Synergistic effects of reserve and adaptive personality in multiple sclerosis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2016;22:1-8.
Schwartz CE, Dwyer MG, Benedict RHB, Weinstock-Guttman B, Bergsland NP, Li J, Ramanathan M, Zivadinov R. Reserve-building activities and MRI metrics in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls: An observational study. BMC Neurology, 2016;16:108. DOI 10.1186/s12883-016-0624-1.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, and Healy BC. Reserve and reserve-building activities research: Key challenges and future directions. BMC Neuroscience, 2016; 17:62. DOI 10.1186/s12868-016-0297-0.
Schwartz CE, Michael W, Rapkin BD. Resilience to health challenges is related to different ways of thinking: Mediators of quality of life in a heterogeneous rare-disease cohort. Quality of Life Research, 2017; 26:3075–3088. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1633-2. ,
Schwartz CE, Michael W, Zhang J, Rapkin BD, Sprangers MAG. Assessing reserve-building pursuits and person characteristics: Psychometric validation of the DeltaQuest Reserve-Building Measure. Quality of Life Research, 2018;27:423-436. DOI 10.1007/s11136-017-1694-2.
Schwartz CE, Zhang J, Michael W, Eton DT, Rapkin BD. Reserve-building activities attenuate treatment burden in chronic illness: The mediating role of appraisal and social support. Ki>Health Psychology Open, 2018; January-June:1-11.
Schwartz CE, Zhang J, Stucky BD, Michael W, Rapkin BD. Is the link between socioeconomic status and resilience mediated by reserve-building activities? Mediation analysis of web-based cross-sectional data from chronic medical illness patient panels. BMJ Open, 2019;9. Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025602.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K. Reserve-building as a buffer of depression among people living with disability. Frontiers in Psychology, section Health Psychology, 2024 in press.

Coping

Schwartz CE and Fierston S. The two sides of pseudo-bulbar disorder in multiple sclerosis: Comparing one patient\'s experience with a review of the neurologic literature. Neurorehabilitation 1995;5:359-365.
Schwartz CE. Coping with chronic illness: The method of subtraction. Humane Medicine 1995, 11(3):104-105.
Schwartz CE, Brotman S, LaRocca N, and Lee H. Patient perception of quality of care provided by specialists and generalists. Multiple Sclerosis 1998;4:426-432.
Schwartz CE, Laitin E, Brotman S, and LaRocca N. Utilization of Unconventional Treatments by Persons with MS: Is it alternative or complementary? Neurology 1999; 52:626-629.
Schwartz CE and Daltroy LH. Learning from unreliability: The importance of inconsistency in coping dynamics. Social Science and Medicine 1999;48:619-631.
Schwartz CE. Teaching coping skills enhances quality of life more than peer support: Results of a randomized trial with multiple sclerosis patients. Health Psychology 1999; 18(3):211-220.
Roy S., Schwartz CE, Duberstein P, Dwyer MG, Zivadinov R, Bergsland N, Weinstock-Guttman B, Powell VE, Benedict RHB. Synergistic effects of reserve and adaptive personality in multiple sclerosis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2016;22:1-8.
Schwartz CE, Michael W, Rapkin BD. Resilience to health challenges is related to different ways of thinking: Mediators of quality of life in a heterogeneous rare-disease cohort. Quality of Life Research, 2017; 26:3075–3088. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1633-2.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Borowiec K, Audhya IF, Gooch KL. I Interplay of disability, caregiver impact, and out-of-pocket expenditures in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A cohort study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00425-2.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Borowiec K, Rapkin BD. Drivers of caregiver burden in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A cohort study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022; 6:22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00421-6.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, Bonavita S, Bossa M, Buscarinu MC, Grasso MG, Luca M, Nozzolillo A, Nocentini I, on behalf of the MS COVID Resilience Italian Study Group. The impact of COVID-19 on people with multiple sclerosis: A comparison of Italian and United States cohorts. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 2022:63, 103888. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2022.103888.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, Sniderman J, Finkelstein JA. Appraisal and patient-reported outcomes following total hip arthroplasty: A longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00498-z.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K, Biletch E, Rapkin BD. Race-related differences in the economic, healthcare-access, and psychological impact of COVID-19: Personal resources associated with resilience. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00514-2.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, Borowiec K, Finkelstein JA. Cognitive processes during recovery: Moving toward personalized spine surgery outcomes. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2022, 12, 1545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12101545.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K, Li, Y, Rapkin BD. Individual differences in the long-term impact of the pandemic: Moderators of COVID-related hardship, worry, and social support. Quality of Life Research. Published online January 6, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-023-03573-0.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K. Reserve-building as a buffer of depression among people living with disability. Frontiers in Psychology, section Health Psychology, 2024 in press.

Cost-Effectiveness

Schwartz CE, Cole B, Vickrey B, and Gelber, R. The Q-TWiST approach for assessing health-related quality of life in epilepsy. Quality of Life Research 1995;4(2):135-141.
Schwartz CE, Cole BF, and Gelber RD. Measuring patient-centered outcomes in neurologic disease: Extending the Q-TWiST methodology. Archives of Neurology 1995;52:754-762.
Schwartz CE, Coulthard-Morris L, Cole B, and Vollmer T. The quality-of-life effects of Interferon-β-1b in multiple sclerosis: An Extended Q-TWiST analysis. Archives of Neurology 1997;54:1475-1480.
Schwartz CE, Mathias S, Pasta D, Colwell H, Rapkin B, Genderson MW, Henning J. A comparison of two approaches for assessing patient importance weights to conduct an Extended Q-TWiST analysis. Quality of Life Research 1999;8(3):197-207.
Brown MG, Murray TJ, Sketris IS, Fisk JD, LeBlanc JC, Schwartz CE, Skedgel C. Cost/effectiveness of interferon-β-1b in slowing multiple sclerosis disability progression: First estimates. J Technology Assessment in Health Care 2000;16:751-767.
Schwartz CE and Patrick DL. Composite scores for PRO measures in comparative effectiveness research: Counterbalancing parsimony and dimensionality. Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research, 2014;3(4):423-433.

End-of-Life-Care

Schwartz CE. Coping with chronic illness: The method of subtraction. Humane Medicine 1995, 11(3):104-105.
Schwartz CE, Wheeler, HB, Hammes B, Basque N, Edmunds J, Reed G, Ma Y, Li L, Tabloski P, Yanko Y, and the UMass End-of-Life Working Group. Early Intervention in Planning End-of-Life Care with Ambulatory Geriatric Patients: Results of a Pilot Trial. Archives of Internal Medicine 2002;162:1611-1618.
Schwartz CE and David E. To everything there is a season: A written expression intervention for closure at the end of life. In: Lepore S and Smith J (Eds.), The Writing Cure, American Psychological Association: Washington, DC, 2002, 257-278.
Schwartz CE, Lennes I, Hammes B, Lapham C, Bottner W, and Ma Y. Honing an advance care planning intervention using qualitative analysis: The Living Well Interview. J Palliative Medicine 2003; 6(4):593-603.
Schwartz CE, Mazor K, Rogers JH, Ma Y, and Reed G. Validation of a new measure of Concept of a Good Death. J Palliative Medicine 2003;6(4):575-583.
Schwartz CE, Merriman M, Reed G, and Hammes B. Measuring patient treatment preferences in end-of-life care research: Applications for advance care planning interventions and response shift research. J Palliative Medicine 2004; 7(2):233-245.
Mazor K, Schwartz CE, and Rogers JH. Development and testing of a new instrument for measuring concerns about dying in healthcare providers. Assessment 2004; 11(3):230-237.
Schwartz CE, Merriman M, Reed G, Ma Y, and Byock I. Evaluation of the Missoula-VITAS Quality of Life Index - Revised: Research tool or clinical tool? Journal of Palliative Medicine 2005: 8 (1): 121-135.
Phillips JM, Brennan M, Schwartz CE, Cohen LM. The long-term impact of dialysis discontinuation on families. Journal of Palliative Medicine 2005: 8 (1): 79-85.
Schwartz CE. Decision-making at the end of life: shifting sands. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, July 2005;98(7):297-298.
Schwartz CE, Clive D, Mazor K, Ma Y, Reed G, and Clay M. Detecting attitudinal changes about death and dying as a result of end-of-life care curricula for medical undergraduates. Journal of Palliative Medicine 2005;8(5): 975-986.
Teschendorf B, Schwartz C, Ferrans CE, O\'Mara A, Novotny P, Sloan J. Caregiver role stress: When families become providers. Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center, 2007, 14(2): 183-189.

Meta-Analysis

Schwartz CE, Bode R, Repucci N, Becker J, Sprangers MAG, Fayers P. The clinical significance of adaptation to changing health: A meta-analysis of response shift. Quality of Life Research 2006; 15:1533-1550.

Mind/Body Medicine

Stengrevics SS, Sirois C, Schwartz CE, Friedman R, and Domar AD. The prediction of cardiac surgery outcome based upon preoperative psychological factors. J Psychology and Health 1996; 11 (4): 471-477.
Schwartz CE, Coulthard-Morris L, and Zeng Q. Psychosocial correlates of fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1996;77: 165-170.
Shapiro DH, Schwartz CE, and Astin J. Controlling ourselves, controlling our world: Psychology\'s role in understanding positive and negative consequences of seeking and gaining control. American Psychologist 1996; 51:1213-1230.
Schwartz CE, Peng CK, Lester N, Daltroy L, and Goldberger A. Coping behavior in health and disease: Assessment with a card sort game. Behavioral Medicine 1998;24(1):41-44.
Schwartz CE, Kaplan RM, Anderson JP, Holbrook T, and Genderson MW. Covariation of physical and mental symptoms across illnesses: Results of a factor analytic study. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 1999; 21(2):122-127.
Schwartz CE, Foley FW, Rao SM, Bernardin LJ, Lee H, and Genderson MW. Stress and course of disease in multiple sclerosis. Behavioral Medicine, 1999;25:110-116.
Astin J, Anton-Culver H, Schwartz CE, Shapiro DH, McQuade J, Breuer AM, Taylor T, Kurosaki T, and Lee H. A longitudinal study of sense of control and quality of life among women with breast cancer. Behavioral Medicine, 1999; 25:101-109.
Welch GW, Garb J, Shayne R, Schwartz CE. Predictors of diabetes related emotional distress among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic type 2 diabetes patients seen in a primary care setting. Ethnicity and Disease 2007; 17:543-547.
Schwartz CE, Quaranto BR, Bode R, Finkelstein JA, Glazer PA, Sprangers MAG. Doing Good, Feeling Good, and Having More: Resources Mediate the Health Benefits of Altruism Differently for Males and Females with Lumbar Spine Disorders. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 2012; Online First DOI 10.1007/s11482-012-9165-y.
Schwartz CE, Michael W, Rapkin BD. Resilience to health challenges is related to different ways of thinking: Mediators of quality of life in a heterogeneous rare-disease cohort. Quality of Life Research, 2017; 26:3075–3088. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1633-2.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Borowiec K, Audhya IF, Gooch KL. I Interplay of disability, caregiver impact, and out-of-pocket expenditures in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A cohort study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00425-2.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Borowiec K, Rapkin BD. Drivers of caregiver burden in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A cohort study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022; 6:22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00421-6.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, Sniderman J, Finkelstein JA. Appraisal and patient-reported outcomes following total hip arthroplasty: A longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00498-z.
Schwartz CE, Biletch E, Stuart RBB, Rapkin BD. I Patient Aspirations in the context of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A mixed-methods case-control study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022; 6:97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00500-8.
Schwartz CE, Biletch E, Stuart RBB, Rapkin BD. I Siblings’ Aspirations in the context of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A mixed-methods case-control study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022; 6:96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00501-7.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K, Biletch E, Rapkin BD. Race-related differences in the economic, healthcare-access, and psychological impact of COVID-19: Personal resources associated with resilience. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00514-2.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, Borowiec K, Finkelstein JA. Cognitive processes during recovery: Moving toward personalized spine surgery outcomes. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2022, 12, 1545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12101545.

Outcome Tools

Schwartz CE, Daltroy L, Brandt U, Friedman R, and Stolbach L. A psychometric analysis of the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale. Psychological Medicine 1992;22:203-210.
Polonsky WH, Anderson BJ, Lohrer PA, Welch G, Jacobson AM, Aponte JE, and Schwartz CE. Assessment of diabetes-related distress. Diabetes Care 1995;18(6):754-760.
Schwartz CE, Coulthard-Morris L, Zeng Q, and Retzlaff P. Measuring self-efficacy in people with multiple sclerosis: A validation study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1996;77: 394-398.
Schwartz CE, Vollmer T, Lee H, and the North American Research Consortium on MS. Reliability and Validity of Two Self-report Measures of Impairment and Disability for MS. Neurology 1999;52:63-70.
Schwartz CE, Wheeler, HB, Hammes B, Basque N, Edmunds J, Reed G, Ma Y, Li L, Tabloski P, Yanko Y, and the UMass End-of-Life Working Group. Early Intervention in Planning End-of-Life Care with Ambulatory Geriatric Patients: Results of a Pilot Trial. Archives of Internal Medicine 2002;162:1611-1618.
Schwartz CE, Mazor K, Rogers JH, Ma Y, and Reed G. Validation of a new measure of Concept of a Good Death. J Palliative Medicine 2003;6(4):575-583.
Mazor K, Schwartz CE, and Rogers JH. Development and testing of a new instrument for measuring concerns about dying in healthcare providers. Assessment 2004; 11(3):230-237.
Schwartz CE, Merriman M, Reed G, and Hammes B. Measuring patient treatment preferences in end-of-life care research: Applications for advance care planning interventions and response shift research. J Palliative Medicine 2004; 7(2):233-245.
Schwartz CE, Merriman M, Reed G, Ma Y, and Byock I. Evaluation of the Missoula-VITAS Quality of Life Index - Revised: Research tool or clinical tool? Journal of Palliative Medicine 2005: 8 (1): 121-135.
Becker J, Saris-Baglama R, Schwartz CE, Bjorner JB, Kosinski M, Ware J. Development and validation of the Pain Impact Survey. Quality of Life Research 2005;14(9):2079.
Schwartz CE, Welch G, Santiago-Kelley P, Bode R, Sun X. Computerized adaptive testing of diabetes impact: A feasibility study of Hispanics and non-Hispanics in an active clinic population. Quality of Life Research 2006; 15:1503-1518.
Teschendorf B, Schwartz C, Ferrans CE, O\'Mara A, Novotny P, Sloan J. Caregiver role stress: When families become providers. Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center, 2007, 14(2): 183-189.
Schwartz CE, Keyl P, Bode R, Marcum J. Helping others shows differential benefits on health and well-being for male and female teens. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2009; 10(4):431-448.
Schwartz CE, Martha JF, Kowalski P, Wang DA, Bode R, Li L, Kim DH. Prospective evaluation of chronic pain associated with posterior autologous iliac crest bone graft harvest and its effect on postoperative outcome. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2009, 7:49 (29 May 2009).
Motl R, Schwartz CE, and Vollmer T. Continued Validation of the Symptom Inventory in Multiple Sclerosis. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2009; 285: 134–136.
Schwartz CE, Bode RK, Vollmer T. The Symptom Inventory disability-specific short-forms for multiple sclerosis: Reliability and factor structure. (Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2012; 93(9): 1629-1636.),
Schwartz CE, Bode RK, Quaranto, BR, Vollmer T. The Symptom Inventory disability-specific short-forms for multiple sclerosis: Construct validity, responsiveness, and interpretation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2012; 93(9): 1617-1628.
Schwartz CE, Ayandeh A, Motl RW. Investigating the minimal important difference in ambulation in multiple sclerosis: A disconnect between performance-based and patient-reported outcomes? Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2014;347:268-274.
Rapkin BD and Schwartz CE. Distilling the essence of appraisal: A mixed methods study of people with multiple sclerosis. Quality of Life Research, 2016:25(4):793-805; 807-810. DOI 10.1007/s11136-015-1119-z.
Schwartz CE, Li J, Rapkin BD. Refining a web-based goal assessment interview: Item reduction based on reliability and predictive validity. Quality of Life Research, 2016; 25(9):2201-2212.1-12. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-016-1258-x.
Gandhi P, Schwartz CE, Reeve B, DeWalt D, Gross H, Huang IC. An item-level response shift study on the change of health state with the rating of asthma-specific quality of life: A report from the PROMIS Pediatric Asthma Study. Quality of Life Research, 2016; 25(6): 1349-1359.
Schwartz CE, Powell VE, and Rapkin BD. When Global Rating of Change contradicts observed change: Examining appraisal processes underlying paradoxical responses over time. Quality of Life Research, 2017;26:847-857. DOI 10.1007/s11136-016-1414-3.
Schwartz CE and Powell VE. The Performance Scales disability measure for multiple sclerosis: Use and sensitivity to clinically important differences. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2017; 15(1):47.
Schwartz CE, Powell VE, Eldar-Lissai A. Measuring hemophilia caregiver burden: Validation of the Hemophilia Caregiver Impact measure. Quality of Life Research, 2017: 26(9):2551-2562. DOI 10.1007/s11136-017-1572-y.
Rapkin BD, Garcia I, Michael W, Zhang, J., Schwartz CE. Distinguishing appraisal and personality influences on quality of life in chronic illness: Introducing the Quality-of-Life Appraisal Profile version 2. Quality of Life Research, 2017; 26:2815-2829.. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1600-y.
Schwartz CE, Michael W, Zhang J, Rapkin BD, Sprangers MAG. Assessing reserve-building pursuits and person characteristics: Psychometric validation of the DeltaQuest Reserve-Building Measure. Quality of Life Researchs, 2018;27:423-436. DOI 10.1007/s11136-017-1694-2.
Rapkin BD, Garcia I, Michael W, Zhang J, Schwartz CE. Development of a practical outcome measure to account for individual differences in quality-of-life appraisal: The Brief Appraisal Inventory. Quality of Life Research, 2017. Published online first October 12. DOI 10.1007/s11136-017-1722-2.
Schwartz CE, Zhang J, Su J. Longitudinal construct validity of the Hemophilia Caregiver Impact Measure. Quality of Life Research, 2019; published online first 22 March 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02168-y.
Rapkin BD, Schwartz CE. Garcia I, Reaves BC, Goldstein L, Zhang J, Atkinson T, Li Y, Michael W, Sankin A, Schoenberg M, Cortese M, Hopkins U, Lerner S, Bochner B. Testing New Ways to Measure How Patients Rate Quality of Life. Washington, DC: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), 2020. https://doi.org/10.25302/03.2020.ME.130600781.
Schwartz CE, Stucky BD, Michael W, Rapkin BD. Does response shift impact interpretation of change even among scales developed using Item Response Theory? Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2020; 4:8. DOI: 10.1186/s41687-019-0162-x.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Balasuberamaniam P, Shrikumar M, Wasim A, Finkelstein JA. Responsiveness of standard spine outcome tools: Do they measure up? Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, Published online February 21, 2020. DOI: 10.3171/2019.12.SPINE191367.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Borowiec K, Myren KJ. No impact of Asian ethnicity on EORTC QLQ-C30 scores: Assessing group differences and differential item functioning in a clinical trial on paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2021; 19:338. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01860-3.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K. Development and validation of the HDSIM™ assessment system: A measure of hemorrhoid disease symptom impact. Quality of Life Research, 2024 in press.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K, Rapkin BD. When better is the enemy of good: Two cautionary tales of conceptual validity versus parsimony in clinical psychometric research. Quality of Life Research, 2024 in press.

Patient-Centered Outcomes Methods & Psychometrics

Schwartz CE, Cole B, Vickrey B, and Gelber, R. The Q-TWiST approach for assessing health-related quality of life in epilepsy. Quality of Life Research 1995;4(2):135-141.
Schwartz CE, Cole BF, and Gelber RD. Measuring patient-centered outcomes in neurologic disease: Extending the Q-TWiST methodology. Archives of Neurology 1995;52:754-762.
Schwartz CE, Coulthard-Morris L, Cole B, and Vollmer T. The quality-of-life effects of Interferon-β-1b in multiple sclerosis: An Extended Q-TWiST analysis. Archives of Neurology 1997;54:1475-1480.
Schwartz CE, Mathias S, Pasta D, Colwell H, Rapkin B, Genderson MW, Henning J. A comparison of two approaches for assessing patient importance weights to conduct an Extended Q-TWiST analysis. Quality of Life Research 1999;8(3):197-207.
Schwartz CE and Rapkin BD. Reconsidering the psychometrics of quality of life assessment in light of response shift and appraisal. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2004; 2:16.
Schwartz CE, Andresen E, Nosek M, Krahn G, and the RRTC Expert Panel on Health Status Measurement. Response shift theory: Important implications for measuring quality of life in individuals with disability. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2007; 88(4): 529-536.
Sprangers MAG, Schwartz CE. Reflections on changeability versus stability of health-related quality of life: distinguishing between its environmental and genetic components. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2008; 6:89.
Schwartz CE. Applications of response shift theory and methods to participation measurement: A brief history of a young field. Invited manuscript for the Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2010; 91(9), Suppl 1: S38-S43.
Swartz RJ, Schwartz CE, Basch E, Cai L, Fairclough D, McLeod L, Mendoza T, Rapkin BD, and the SAMSI Psychometric Program Longitudinal Assessment of Patient-Reported Outcomes Working Group. The king\'s foot of patient-reported outcomes: Current practices and new developments for the measurement of change. Quality of Life Research 2011; 20:1159-1167. Epub February 19, 2011, DOI 10.1007/s11136-011-9863-1.
Reeve BB, Wyrwich KW, Wu AW, Velikova G, Terwee CB, Snyder CF, Schwartz CE, Revicki D, Moinpour CM, McLeod LD, Lyons JC, Lenderking WR, Hinds PS, Hays RD, Greenhalgh J, Gershon R, Feeny D, Fayers PM, Cella D, Brundage M, Ahmed S, Aaronson NK, Butt Z, on behalf of the International Society for Quality of Life Research. ISOQOL Recommends Minimum Standards for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Used in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Comparative Effectiveness Research. Quality of Life Research, 2013. DOI 10.1007/s11136-012-0344-y.
Schwartz CE, Ayandeh A, Motl RW. Investigating the minimal important difference in ambulation in multiple sclerosis: A disconnect between performance-based and patient-reported outcomes? Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2014;347:268-274.
Schwartz CE, King M, Sprangers MAG. Let’s engage the patient within us: A personal perspective on patient engagement. Quality of Life Research, 2014;23:1045-1046. DOI DOI 10.1007/s11136-013-0580-9.
Huang I, Revicki DA, Schwartz CE. Measuring pediatric patient-reported outcomes: Good progress but a long way to go. Quality of Life Research, 2014; 23:747-750. DOI 10.1007/s11136-013-0607-2.
Revicki DA, Schwartz CE. Introduction to special section: Quantitative methods. Quality of Life Research, 2015. DOI 10.1007/s11136-014-0887-1.
Schwartz CE. Revicki DA, Introduction to special section on patient engagement. Quality of Life Research, 2015. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-0960-4.
Rapkin BD and Schwartz CE. Distilling the essence of appraisal: A mixed methods study of people with multiple sclerosis. Quality of Life Research, 2016:25(4):793-805; 807-810. 10.1007/s11136-015-1119-z.
Schwartz CE, Li J, Rapkin BD. Refining a web-based goal assessment interview: Item reduction based on reliability and predictive validity. Quality of Life Research, 2016; 25(9):2201-2212.1-12. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-016-1258-x.
Schwartz CE, Ayandeh A, Rodgers J, Duberstein P, Weinstock-Guttman B, Benedict RHB. A new perspective on proxy report: Investigating implicit processes of understanding through patient-proxy congruence. Quality of Life Research, 2015 ; 24(11):2637-2649. DOI 10.1007/s11136-015-1017-4.
Schwartz CE, Ayandeh A, Finkelstein JA. When patients and surgeons disagree about surgical outcome: Investigating patient factors and chart note communication. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2015, 13:161. DOI: 10.1186/s12955-015-0343-0. URL: http://www.hqlo.com/content/13/1/161.
Gandhi P, Schwartz CE, Reeve B, DeWalt D, Gross H, Huang IC. An item-level response shift study on the change of health state with the rating of asthma-specific quality of life: A report from the PROMIS Pediatric Asthma Study. Quality of Life Research, 2016; 25(6): 1349-1359.
Schwartz CE, Revicki DAR. Introduction to special section on PROs in Non-Standard Settings. Quality of Life Research 2016; 25: 493-495. DOI 10.1007/s11136-016-1228-3.
Schwartz CE, Revicki DA [editors]. Special Section on Patient Engagement. Quality of Life Research, 2015; 24(5):1029-1162.
Schwartz CE, Revicki DAR [editors]. Special Section on PROs in Non-Standard Settings. Quality of Life Research 2016; 25: 493-495. DOI 10.1007/s11136-016-1228-3.
Schwartz CE, Finkelstein JA, and Rapkin BD. Appraisal assessment in patient-reported outcome research: Methods for uncovering the personal context and meaning of quality of life. Quality of Life Research, 2017; 26:545-554. DOI 10.1007/s11136-016-1476-2.
Sprangers and Schwartz CE. Toward mindfulness in quality-of-life research: Perspectives on how to avoid rigor becoming rigidity. Quality of Life Research 2016; 25(12): DOI 10.1007/s11136-016-1492-2.
Schwartz CE, Powell VE, Eldar-Lissai A. Measuring hemophilia caregiver burden: Validation of the Hemophilia Caregiver Impact measure. Quality of Life Research, 2017: 26(9):2551-2562. DOI 10.1007/s11136-017-1572-y.
Rapkin BD, Garcia I, Michael W, Zhang, J., Schwartz CE. Distinguishing appraisal and personality influences on quality of life in chronic illness: Introducing the Quality-of-Life Appraisal Profile version 2. Quality of Life Research, 2017; 26:2815-2829.. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1600-y.
Schwartz CE, Michael W, Zhang J, Rapkin BD, Sprangers MAG. Assessing reserve-building pursuits and person characteristics: Psychometric validation of the DeltaQuest Reserve-Building Measure. Quality of Life Research, 2018;27:423-436. DOI 10.1007/s11136-017-1694-2.
Rapkin BD, Garcia I, Michael W, Zhang J, Schwartz CE. Development of a practical outcome measure to account for individual differences in quality-of-life appraisal: The Brief Appraisal Inventory. Quality of Life Research, 2017. Published online first October 12. DOI 10.1007/s11136-017-1722-2
Atkinson T, Schwartz CE, Li Y, Goldstein L, Garcia I, Bochner B, Rapkin BD. Perceptions of response burden associated with completion of patient-reported outcome assessments in oncology. Value in Health, 2019:22:225-230.
Schwartz CE, Zhang J, Rapkin BD, Finkelstein JA. Reconsidering the Minimally Important Difference: Evidence of instability over time and across groups. The Spine Journal, 2019; 19:726-734. DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2018.09.010.
Finkelstein JA and Schwartz CE. Patient-reported outcomes in spine surgery: Past, Current, and Future Directions. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine; 31:155-164. DOI: 10.3171/2019.1.SPINE18770.
Schwartz CE, Zhang J, Su J. Longitudinal construct validity of the Hemophilia Caregiver Impact Measure. Quality of Life Research, 2019; published online first 22 March 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02168-y.
Rapkin BD, Schwartz CE. Garcia I, Reaves BC, Goldstein L, Zhang J, Atkinson T, Li Y, Michael W, Sankin A, Schoenberg M, Cortese M, Hopkins U, Lerner S, Bochner B. Testing New Ways to Measure How Patients Rate Quality of Life. Washington, DC: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), 2020. https://doi.org/10.25302/03.2020.ME.130600781.
Rapkin BD, Schwartz CE. Advancing quality-of-life research by deepening our understanding of response shift: A unifying theory of appraisal. Quality of Life Research, 2019; 28(10):2623-2630. Published online first July 18, 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02248-z.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Stucky BD, Michael W, Rapkin BD. Positive emotions despite substantial burden: The alchemy of hemophilia caregiving. Haemophilia, 2020; 26:86-96. DOI: 10.1111/hae.13874.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Michael W, Rapkin BD. Understanding hemophilia caregiver burden: Does appraisal buffer the impact of hemophilia on caregivers over time? Psychology and Health, 2020: 1-15. DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1766042.
Schwartz CE, Stucky BD, Michael W, Rapkin BD. Does response shift impact interpretation of change even among scales developed using Item Response Theory? Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2020; 4:8. DOI: 10.1186/s41687-019-0162-x.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Balasuberamaniam P, Shrikumar M, Wasim A, Finkelstein JA. Responsiveness of standard spine outcome tools: Do they measure up? Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, Published online February 21, 2020. DOI: 10.3171/2019.12.SPINE191367.
Oort FJ, Bohenke J, Schwartz CE [editors]. Special section on Test construction. Quality of Life Research, 2018: 27: 1671-1672. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-1886-4.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Rapkin BD, Selbe S, Michael W, Stopka T. Cognitive habits linked to resilience: Surprising commonalities across the United States. Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Reports, 2020; 1(1). DOI: 10.38207/JCMPHR20202.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Rapkin BD. Capturing patient experience: Does quality-of-life appraisal entail a new class of measurement? Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2020 Dec;4(1):1-11.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Borowiec K, Myren KJ. No impact of Asian ethnicity on EORTC QLQ-C30 scores: Assessing group differences and differential item functioning in a clinical trial on paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2021; 19:338. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01860-3.
Schwartz CE, Stucky BD, Stark RB. Operationalizing the attitudes, behaviors, and perspectives of wellness: A brief measure for use in resilience research. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2021:9(1):1031-1052. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2021.2008940.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Cella D, Borowiec K, Gooch KL, Audhya IF. Measuring disability comprehensively in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Development of a proxy-reported measure derived from PROMIS item banks. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 2021;16:487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-021-02114-7.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Borowiec K, Audhya IF, Gooch KL. I Interplay of disability, caregiver impact, and out-of-pocket expenditures in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A cohort study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00425-2 .
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Borowiec K, Rapkin BD. Drivers of caregiver burden in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A cohort study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022; 6:22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00421-6.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, Bonavita S, Bossa M, Buscarinu MC, Grasso MG, Luca M, Nozzolillo A, Nocentini I, on behalf of the MS COVID Resilience Italian Study Group. The impact of COVID-19 on people with multiple sclerosis: A comparison of Italian and United States cohorts. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 2022:63, 103888. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2022.103888.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, Sniderman J, Finkelstein JA. Appraisal and patient-reported outcomes following total hip arthroplasty: A longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00498-z.
Schwartz CE, Biletch E, Stuart RBB, Rapkin BD. I Patient Aspirations in the context of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A mixed-methods case-control study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022; 6:97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00500-8.
Schwartz CE, Biletch E, Stuart RBB, Rapkin BD. I Siblings’ Aspirations in the context of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A mixed-methods case-control study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022; 6:96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00501-7.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K, Biletch E, Rapkin BD. Race-related differences in the economic, healthcare-access, and psychological impact of COVID-19: Personal resources associated with resilience. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00514-2.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, Borowiec K, Finkelstein JA. Cognitive processes during recovery: Moving toward personalized spine surgery outcomes. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2022, 12, 1545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12101545.
Schwartz CE, Jackson, S., Valentine, J., Miller, N., Lowes, L., Edwards, D., McSherry, C., Savva, D., Lowe, A., McSherry, J., Engel, P. Toward patient-centered treatment goals for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Insights from the “Your Voice” study. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 2023 18:90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-023-02674-w.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K. Development and validation of the HDSIM™ assessment system: A measure of hemorrhoid disease symptom impact. Quality of Life Research, 2024 in press.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K, Rapkin BD. When better is the enemy of good: Two cautionary tales of conceptual validity versus parsimony in clinical psychometric research. Quality of Life Research, 2024 in press.

Pharmacoeconomics

Schwartz CE, Ozminkowski RJ, Hoaglin DC, Cella M, and Branch LG. Can a survey effect quality of care in nursing homes? The influence of the New York Quality Assurance Survey on resident deterioration and adverse outcomes. Journal of Aging and Health 1994; 6(4):549-572.
Ozminkowski RJ, Cella M, Branch LG, and Schwartz CE. The influence of the New York Quality Assurance Survey on case mix index in nursing homes. Journal of Aging and Health 1994;6(3):377-396.
Schwartz CE and Laitin EA. Using Decision Theory in Clinical Research: Applications of Quality-Adjusted Life Years. In: Staquet M, Hays R, and Fayers P. (Eds.) Quality of Life Assessment in Clinical Trials: Methods and Practice. Oxford University Press, Science and Medical Department: Oxford 1998: 119-141.
Brown MG, Murray TJ, Sketris IS, Fisk JD, LeBlanc JC, Schwartz CE, Skedgel C. Cost/effectiveness of interferon-β-1b in slowing multiple sclerosis disability progression: First estimates. J Technology Assessment in Health Care 2000;16:751-767.
Schwartz CE, Huang IC, Rohde G, Skolasky RL. Listening to the elephant in the room: Response-shift effects in clinical trials research. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00510-6.

Qualitative

Schwartz CE and Fierston S. The two sides of pseudo-bulbar disorder in multiple sclerosis: Comparing one patient\'s experience with a review of the neurologic literature. Neurorehabilitation 1995;5:359-365.
Schwartz CE. Coping with chronic illness: The method of subtraction. Humane Medicine 1995, 11(3):104-105.
Schwartz CE and Sendor M. Helping others helps oneself: Response shift effects in peer support. Social Science and Medicine 1999; 48(11):1563-1575.
Schwartz CE and David E. To everything there is a season: A written expression intervention for closure at the end of life. In: Lepore S and Smith J (Eds.), The Writing Cure, American Psychological Association: Washington, DC, 2002, 257-278.
Schwartz CE, Lennes I, Hammes B, Lapham C, Bottner W, and Ma Y. Honing an advance care planning intervention using qualitative analysis: The Living Well Interview. J Palliative Medicine 2003; 6(4):593-603.
Schwartz CE and Rapkin BD. Reconsidering the psychometrics of quality of life assessment in light of response shift and appraisal. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2004; 2:16.
Rapkin BD and Schwartz CE. Distilling the essence of appraisal: A mixed methods study of people with multiple sclerosis. Quality of Life Research, April 2016 in press. 10.1007/s11136-015-1119-z.
Schwartz CE, Ayandeh A, Finkelstein JA. When patients and surgeons disagree about surgical outcome: Investigating patient factors and chart note communication. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2015 in press. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2015, 13:161. DOI: 10.1186/s12955-015-0343-0. URL: http://www.hqlo.com/content/13/1/161.
Taminiau-Bloem EF, van Zuuren FJ, Koeneman MA, Visser MRM, Tishelman C, Koning CCE, Schwartz CE, Sprangers MAG. Using a retrospective pretest instead of a conventional pretest is replacing biases: a qualitative study examining cognitive processes underlying responses to then-test items. Quality of Life Research, 2015 in press.
Schwartz CE, Li J, Rapkin BD. Refining a web-based goal assessment interview: Item reduction based on reliability and predictive validity. Quality of Life Research, 2016; 25(6):1327-1337. DOI 10.1007/s11136-015-1175-4.
Schwartz CE, Powell VE, and Rapkin BD. When Global Rating of Change contradicts observed change: Examining appraisal processes underlying paradoxical responses over time. Quality of Life Research, 2017;26:847-857. DOI 10.1007/s11136-016-1414-3.
Schwartz CE, Finkelstein JA, and Rapkin BD. Appraisal assessment in patient-reported outcome research: Methods for uncovering the personal context and meaning of quality of life. Quality of Life Research, 2017; 26:545-554. DOI 10.1007/s11136-016-1476-2.
Yeh EA, Chiang N, Darshan B, Najeti N, Grover SA, Schwartz CE, Slater R, Finlayson M, for the Pediatric MS Adherence Study Group. Adherence in youth with Multiple Sclerosis: a qualitative assessment of habit formation, barriers and facilitators. Qualitative Health Research, 2018; Jun 1: 1049732318779039.
Schwartz CE, Biletch E, Stuart RBB, Rapkin BD. I Patient Aspirations in the context of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A mixed-methods case-control study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022; 6:97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00500-8.
Schwartz CE, Biletch E, Stuart RBB, Rapkin BD. I Siblings’ Aspirations in the context of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A mixed-methods case-control study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022; 6:96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00501-7.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Biletch E, Stuart RBB, Li Y. Comparing human coding to two natural language processing algorithms in aspirations of people affected by Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences, 2022; 13: (1):15-40.
Schwartz CE, Jackson, S., Valentine, J., Miller, N., Lowes, L., Edwards, D., McSherry, C., Savva, D., Lowe, A., McSherry, J., Engel, P. Toward patient-centered treatment goals for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Insights from the "Your Voice" study. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 2023 18:90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-023-02674-w.

Rehabilitation Research

Schwartz CE, Andresen E, Nosek M, Krahn G, and the RRTC Expert Panel on Health Status Measurement. Response shift theory: Important implications for measuring quality of life in individuals with disability. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2007; 88(4): 529-536.
Bell NS, Schwartz CE, Harford T, Hollander IE, Amoroso PJ. The changing profile of disability in the U.S. Army: 1981 - 2005. Disability and Health Journal, 2008 (1): 14-24.
Bell NS, Schwartz CE, Harford T, Hollander IE, Amoroso PJ. Temporal changes in the nature of disability: U.S. Army soldiers discharged with disability, 1981-2005. Disability and Health Journal, 2008;1:14-24.
Schwartz CE. Applications of response shift theory and methods to participation measurement: A brief history of a young field. Invited manuscript for the Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2010; 91(9), Suppl 1: S38-S43.
Schwartz CE, Ayandeh A, Finkelstein JA. When patients and surgeons disagree about surgical outcome: Investigating patient factors and chart note communication. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2015, 13:161. DOI: 10.1186/s12955-015-0343-0. URL: http://www.hqlo.com/content/13/1/161.
Rivers CS, Fallah N, Noonan VK, Whitehurst DGT, Schwartz CE, Finkelstein JA, Craven BC, Ethans K, O’Connell C, Truchon C, Ho C, Linassi AG, Short C, Tsai E, Drew B, Ahn H, Dvorak MF, Paquet, J, Fehlings MG, Noreau L, for the RHSCIR Network. Secondary health conditions: impact on function, health-related quality of life, and life satisfaction following traumatic spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2018;99(3):443-451.
Schwartz CE, Michael W, Rapkin BD. Resilience to health challenges is related to different ways of thinking: Mediators of quality of life in a heterogeneous rare-disease cohort. Quality of Life Research, 2017; 26:3075–3088. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1633-2.
Schwartz CE, Stucky BD, Rivers CS, Noonan VK, Finkelstein JA. Quality of life and adaptation in people with spinal cord injury: Response shift effects five-years post-injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2018; 99:1599-1608.
King J, Barclay R, Ripat J, Dubouloz CJ, Schwartz CE. An investigation of occupational therapists’ and physical therapists’ perspectives of the process of change that occurs in their clients during rehabilitation including their use of response shift and transformative learning. Physiotherapy Canada2019 Jun 21(aop):1-2.
Schwartz CE, Zhang J, Stucky BD, Michael W, Rapkin BD. Is the link between socioeconomic status and resilience mediated by reserve-building activities? Mediation analysis of web-based cross-sectional data from chronic medical illness patient panels. BMJ Open, 2019;9. Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025602.
Bartley, B., Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Yonker L. Factors influencing the timing of referral to lung transplant: A regional survey of cystic fibrosis providers and pulmonary specialists. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 2020; 20:58. DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1067-4.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Balasuberamaniam P, Shrikumar M, Wasim A, Finkelstein JA. Moving toward better health: Exercise practice is associated with improved outcomes after spine surgery in individuals with degenerative lumbar conditions. Canadian Journal of Surgery, 2021;64(4):E419-E427.
Finkelstein JA, Stark RB, Lee J, Schwartz CE. Patient factors that matter in predicting spine-surgery outcomes: A machine-learning approach. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 2021;1(aop):1-10.
Sniderman J, Stark RB, Schwartz CE, Imam H, Finkelstein JA, Nousiainen M. Patient factors that matter in predicting hip-arthroplasty outcomes: A machine-learning approach. Journal of Arthroplasty, 2021:36:2024-2032.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Borowiec K, Audhya IF, Gooch KL. I Interplay of disability, caregiver impact, and out-of-pocket expenditures in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A cohort study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00425-2.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Borowiec K, Rapkin BD. Drivers of caregiver burden in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A cohort study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022; 6:22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00421-6.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, Bonavita S, Bossa M, Buscarinu MC, Grasso MG, Luca M, Nozzolillo A, Nocentini I, on behalf of the MS COVID Resilience Italian Study Group. The impact of COVID-19 on people with multiple sclerosis: A comparison of Italian and United States cohorts. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 2022:63, 103888. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2022.103888.
Friedman D, Smith B, Bruce A, Schwartz CE, Lee H, Pinksy H, Gootkind E, Hardcastle M, Shea N, Roach C, Miller C, Pollineni D, Salathe M, Quittner A, Geiogiopoulos A. Feasibility and acceptability of a CF-specific cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention integrated into team-based care for adults with Cystic Fibrosis. Pediatric Pulmonology, 2022;1-10. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26101.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, Sniderman J, Finkelstein JA. Appraisal and patient-reported outcomes following total hip arthroplasty: A longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00498-z.
Schwartz CE, Biletch E, Stuart RBB, Rapkin BD. I Patient Aspirations in the context of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A mixed-methods case-control study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022; 6:97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00500-8.
Schwartz CE, Biletch E, Stuart RBB, Rapkin BD. I Siblings’ Aspirations in the context of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A mixed-methods case-control study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022; 6:96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00501-7.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K, Biletch E, Rapkin BD. Race-related differences in the economic, healthcare-access, and psychological impact of COVID-19: Personal resources associated with resilience. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00514-2.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, Borowiec K, Finkelstein JA. Cognitive processes during recovery: Moving toward personalized spine surgery outcomes. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2022, 12, 1545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12101545.
Balasuberamaniam P, Wasim A, Shrikumar M, Chen T, Anthony T, Phillips A, Nathens A, Chapman M, Crawford E, Schwartz CE, Finkelstein JA. Predictors of sacral ulcers in patients with complete spinal cord injury: A case-control study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2023; 24:239. DOI:10.1186/s12891-023-06369-y.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K. Reserve-building as a buffer of depression among people living with disability. Frontiers in Psychology, section Health Psychology, 2024 in press.

Response Shift

Sprangers MAG and Schwartz CE. Integrating response shift into health-related quality-of-life research: A theoretical model. Social Science and Medicine 1999; 48(11):1507-1515.
Schwartz CE and Sprangers MAG. Methodological approaches for assessing response shift in longitudinal quality of life research. Social Science and Medicine 1999; 48(11):1531-1548.
Sprangers MAG and Schwartz CE. The challenge of response shift for quality-of-life-based clinical oncology research. Invited editorial for Annals of Oncology 1999;10:747-749.
Schwartz CE, Sprangers MAG [guest editors]. Response shift phenomenon in health-related quality-of-life research. Special issue of Social Science and Medicine 1999; 48(11).
Schwartz CE, Feinberg RG, Jilinskaia E, and Applegate JC. An evaluation of a psychosocial intervention for survivors of childhood cancer: Paradoxical effects of response shift over time. Psycho-Oncology, 1999;8:344-354.
Lenert LA, Treadwell JR, and Schwartz CE. Associations between health status and utilities: Implications for policy. Medical Care 1999;37:479-489.
Schwartz CE, Sprangers MAG [editors]. Adaptation to changing health: Response shift in quality of life research. American Psychological Association: Washington DC, 2000. Schwartz CE, Wheeler, HB, Hammes B, Basque N, Edmunds J, Reed G, Ma Y, Li L, Tabloski P, Yanko Y, and the UMass End-of-Life Working Group. Early Intervention in Planning End-of-Life Care with Ambulatory Geriatric Patients: Results of a Pilot Trial. Archives of Internal Medicine 2002;162:1611-1618.
Schwartz CE, Sprangers MAG, Carey A, and Reed G. Exploring response shift in longitudinal data. Psychology and Health, 2004; 19(1): 51-69.
Schwartz CE, Merriman M, Reed G, and Hammes B. Measuring patient treatment preferences in end-of-life care research: Applications for advance care planning interventions and response shift research. J Palliative Medicine 2004; 7(2):233-245.
Rapkin BD and Schwartz CE. Toward a theoretical model of quality-of-life appraisal: Implications of findings from studies of response shift. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2004; 2:14.
Schwartz CE and Rapkin BD. Reconsidering the psychometrics of quality of life assessment in light of response shift and appraisal. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2004; 2:16.
Schwartz CE, Sprangers MAG, Carey A, and Reed G. Exploring response shift in longitudinal data. Psychology and Health, 2004; 19(1): 51-69.
Schwartz CE, Sprangers MAG, and Fayers, P. Response shift: You know it\'s there but how do you capture it? Challenges for the next phase of research. In: Fayers P. and Hays R. (Eds.), Assessing Quality of Life in Clinical Trials: Methods and Practice (2nd edition). Oxford University Press: Oxford, United Kingdom, 2005; chapter 4.4: 275-290.
Schwartz CE. Decision-making at the end of life: shifting sands. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, July 2005;98(7):297-298.
Schwartz CE, Bode R, Repucci N, Becker J, Sprangers MAG, Fayers P. The clinical significance of adaptation to changing health: A meta-analysis of response shift. Quality of Life Research, 2006; 15:1533-1550.
Sprangers MAG, Schwartz CE. Reflections on changeability versus stability of health-related quality of life: distinguishing between its environmental and genetic components. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2008; 6:89.
Schwartz CE and Sprangers MAG. Reflections on genes and sustainable change: Toward a trait and state conceptualization of response shift. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 2009; 62: 1118-1123.
Schwartz CE and Finkelstein JA. Understanding inconsistencies in patient-reported outcomes after spine treatment: Response shift phenomena. Invited review for The Spine Journal 2009;9(12):1039-1045.
Finkelstein JA, Razmjou H, Schwartz CE. Response shift and outcome assessment in orthopedic surgery: Is there is a difference between complete vs. partial treatment? Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 2009; 62: 1189-1190.
Razmjou H, Schwartz CE, Yee A, Finkelstein JA. Traditional assessment of health outcome following total knee arthroplasty was confounded by response shift phenomenon. J Clinical Epidemiology, 2009; 62:91-96. Schwartz CE. Applications of response shift theory and methods to participation measurement: A brief history of a young field. Invited manuscript for the Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2010; 91(9), Suppl 1: S38-S43.
Razmjou H, Schwartz CE, Holtby R. Recalibration response shift had an independent impact on perceived disability two years following rotator cuff surgery. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 2010;92:2178-2186,
Schwartz CE and Sprangers MAG. Guidelines for improving the stringency of response shift research using the then-test. Quality of Life Research 2010; 19:455-464.
Ahmed S and Schwartz CE. Quality of life assessments and response shift. In: Steptoe, A.(Ed.), Handbook of Behavioral Medicine: Methods and Applications. Springer Science, New York. 2010, pp. 955-968.
King-Kallimanis BL, Oort, FJ, Nolte S, Schwartz CE, Sprangers MAG. Using structural equation modeling to detect response shift in performance and quality of life scores of multiple sclerosis patients. Quality of Life Research, 2011 20(10):1527-1540. DOI 10.1007/s11136-010-9844-9.
Swartz RJ, Schwartz CE, Basch E, Cai L, Fairclough D, McLeod L, Mendoza T, Rapkin BD, and the SAMSI Psychometric Program Longitudinal Assessment of Patient-Reported Outcomes Working Group. The king\'s foot of patient-reported outcomes: Current practices and new developments for the measurement of change. Quality of Life Research 2011; 20:1159-1167. Epub February 19, 2011, DOI 10.1007/s11136-011-9863-1.
Taminiau-Bloem EF, van Zuuren FJ, Visser MRM, Tishelman C, Schwartz CE, Koeneman MA, Koning CCE, Sprangers MAG. Opening the black box of cancer patients’ quality-of- life change assessments: a qualitative study examining the cognitive processes underlying responses to transition items. Psychology and Health 2011, 1-15, iFirst. DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2011.596203.
Ahmed S, Mayo N, Scott S, Kuspinar A, Hum S, Schwartz CE. Using Latent Trajectory Analysis to Detect Response Shift in General Health among Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Quality of Life Research, 2011. DOI 10.1007/s11136-011-0005-6.
Li Y and Schwartz CE. Data mining for response shift patterns using recursive partitioning tree analysis. Quality of Life Research, 2011; 20(10):1543-1553. DOI 10.1007/s11136-011-0004-7.
Schwartz CE, Sprangers MAG, Ahmed S, Bode R, Li Y, Oort FJ, Vollmer T. Response Shift in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: An Application of Three Statistical Techniques. Quality of Life Research, 2011;20(10):1561-1572. DOI 10.1007/s11136-011-0056-8.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD. Understanding Appraisal Processes Underlying the Thentest: A Mixed Methods Investigation. Quality of Life Research 2013;22:1871-1878. DOI 10.1007/s11136-011-0023-4.
McClimans L, Bickenbach J, Westerman M, Carlson L, Wasserman D, Schwartz CE. Philosophical Perspectives on Response Shift. Quality of Life Research, 2012. DOI 10.1007/s11136-012-0300-x.
Barclay-Goddard R, King J, Dubouloz CJ, Schwartz CE. Building on transformative learning theory and response shift theory to investigate changes in health-related quality of life over time in individuals with chronic health conditions and disability. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2012; 93(2): 214-220.
Schwartz CE, Sajobi T, Lix L, Quaranto BR, Finkelstein JA. Changing values, changing outcomes: The influence of reprioritization response shift on outcome assessment after spine surgery. Quality of Life Research, 2013; 22(9): 2255-2264.. DOI 10.1007/s11136-013-0377-x ,
Finkelstein JA, Quaranto B, Schwartz CE. Threats to the Internal Validity of Spinal Surgery Outcome Assessment: Recalibration Response Shift or Implicit Theories of Change? Applied Research in Quality of Life, 2013. DOI 10.1007/s11482-013-9221-2.
Schwartz CE, Ahmed S, Sawatsky R, Sajobi, T., Mayo, N., Finkelstein J, Lix L, Verdam,M.G.E., Oort, F.J., Sprangers MAG. Guidelines for Secondary Analysis in Search of Response Shift. Quality of Life Research 2013;22:2663-2673. DOI 10.1007/s11136-013-0402-0,
Visser, RM, Oort FJ, van Lanschot JB, van der Velden J, Kloek JJ, Gouma DJ, Schwartz CE, Sprangers MAG. The role of response shift in predicting bodily pain using the theoretical model of Sprangers and Schwartz. Psycho-Oncology, 2013;22(3):515-522. DOI: 10.1002/pon.2114.
Schwartz CE, Quaranto BR, Rapkin BD, Healy BC, Vollmer T, Sprangers MAG. Fluctuations in appraisal over time in the context of stable and non-stable health. Quality of Life Research, 2014; 23(1):9-19.. DOI 10.1007/s11136-013-0471-0.
Schwartz CE, Sprangers MAG, Benedict RHB, Finkelstein J. Health-related quality of life and the effects of response shift. In: Waldstein SR, Muldoon MF, Satterfield JM, Novack DH, Cole S. (Eds.), Behavioral and Social Science in Medicine: Principles and Practice of Biopsychosocial Care. Springer: New York, 2013 anticipated publication. (2015, In press),
Ahmed S, Sawetsky R, Levesque JF, Ermann-Feldman D., Schwartz CE. Minimal Response Shift in the Absence of a Catalyst. Quality of Life Research, 2014. DOI 10.1007/s11136-014-0699-3.
Schwartz CE, Sajobi, T, Verdam M, Sebille V, Lix L, Guilleux A, Sprangers MAG, on behalf of the Response Shift Special Interest Group of ISOQOL. Method variation in the impact of missing data on response shift detection. Quality of Life Research, 2015; 24(3):521-528. DOI 10.1007/s11136-014-0746-0.
Guilleux A, Blanchin M, Vanier A, Guillemin F, Falissard B, Schwartz CE, Hardouin JB, Sébille V. RespOnse Shift ALgorithm in Item response theory (ROSALI) for response shift detection with missing data in longitudinal patient-reported outcomes studies. Quality of Life Research, 2015; 24(3):553-564.
Rapkin BD and Schwartz CE. Distilling the essence of appraisal: A mixed methods study of people with multiple sclerosis. Quality of Life Research, 2016:25(4):793-805; 807-810. 10.1007/s11136-015-1119-z.
Taminiau-Bloem EF, van Zuuren FJ, Koeneman MA, Visser MRM, Tishelman C, Koning CCE, Schwartz CE, Sprangers MAG. Using a retrospective pretest instead of a conventional pretest is replacing biases: a qualitative study examining cognitive processes underlying responses to then-test items. Quality of Life Research, 2016; 25(6):1327-1337. DOI 10.1007/s11136-015-1175-4.
Schwartz CE, Revicki DAR [editors]. Special Section on Response Shift and Missing Data. Quality of Life Research, 2015;24(3):521-566.
Schwartz CE, Li J, Rapkin BD. Refining a web-based goal assessment interview: Item reduction based on reliability and predictive validity. Quality of Life Research, 2016; 25(9):2201-2212.1-12. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-016-1258-x.
Gandhi P, Schwartz CE, Reeve B, DeWalt D, Gross H, Huang IC. An item-level response shift study on the change of health state with the rating of asthma-specific quality of life: A report from the PROMIS Pediatric Asthma Study. Quality of Life Research, 2016; 25(6): 1349-1359.
Schwartz CE. Introduction to special section on response shift at the item level. Quality of Life Research, 25:1323-1325. DOI 10.1007/s11136-016-016-1299-1.
Schwartz CE, Powell VE, and Rapkin BD. When Global Rating of Change contradicts observed change: Examining appraisal processes underlying paradoxical responses over time. Quality of Life Research, 2017;26:847-857. DOI 10.1007/s11136-016-1414-3.
Schwartz CE, Finkelstein JA, and Rapkin BD. Appraisal assessment in patient-reported outcome research: Methods for uncovering the personal context and meaning of quality of life. Quality of Life Research, 2017; 26:545-554. DOI 10.1007/s11136-016-1476-2.
Rapkin BD, Garcia I, Michael W, Zhang, J., Schwartz CE. Distinguishing appraisal and personality influences on quality of life in chronic illness: Introducing the Quality-of-Life Appraisal Profile version 2. Quality of Life Research, 2017; 26:2815-2829. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1600-y.
Rapkin BD, Garcia I, Michael W, Zhang J, Schwartz CE. Development of a practical outcome measure to account for individual differences in quality-of-life appraisal: The Brief Appraisal Inventory. Quality of Life Research, 2017. Published online first October 12. DOI 10.1007/s11136-017-1722-2.
Schwartz CE, Stucky BD, Rivers CS, Noonan VK, Finkelstein JA. Quality of life and adaptation in people with spinal cord injury: Response shift effects five-years post-injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2018; 99:1599-1608.
Schwartz CE, Zhang J, Rapkin BD, Finkelstein JA. Reconsidering the Minimally Important Difference: Evidence of instability over time and across groups. The Spine Journal, 2019; 19:726-734. DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2018.09.010.
King J, Barclay R, Ripat J, Dubouloz CJ, Schwartz CE. An investigation of occupational therapists’ and physical therapists’ perspectives of the process of change that occurs in their clients during rehabilitation including their use of response shift and transformative learning. Physiotherapy Canada 2019 Jun 21(aop):1-2.
Finkelstein JA and Schwartz CE. Patient-reported outcomes in spine surgery: Past, Current, and Future Directions. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 2019; 31:155-164. DOI: 10.3171/2019.1.SPINE18770.
Rapkin BD, Schwartz CE. Advancing quality-of-life research by deepening our understanding of response shift: A unifying theory of appraisal. Quality of Life Research, 2019; 28(10):2623-2630. Published online first July 18, 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02248-z.
Schwartz CE, Stucky BD, Michael W, Rapkin BD. Does response shift impact interpretation of change even among scales developed using Item Response Theory? Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2020; 4:8. DOI: 10.1186/s41687-019-0162-x.
Schwartz CE and Rapkin BD. Special grouping of papers on response shift and appraisal theory. Quality of Life Research, 2019; 28 (10): 2621-2639.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Michael W, Rapkin BD, Finkelstein JA. ‘Looking under the hood’ of anchor-based assessment of clinically important change: A machine-learning approach. Value in Health, 2021:24(7):1009-1015. DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.03.003,
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Rapkin BD. Creating idiometric short-form measures of cognitive appraisal: Balancing theory and pragmatics. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2021:5(57). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-021-00317-x.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Stucky BD. Response-shift effects in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A secondary analysis of clinical-trial data. Quality of Life Research, 2021;30:1267-1282 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02707-y.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Stucky BD, Li Y, Rapkin BD. Response-shift effects in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Estimating response-shift-adjusted scores using equating. Quality of Life Research, 2021;30:1283-1292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02727-8.
Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Borowiec K, Nolte S, Myren KJ. Norm-based comparison of the quality-of-life impact of Ravulizumab and Eculizumab in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 2021;16:389. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-021-02016-8
Schwartz CE, Rohde G, Biletch E, Stuart RBB, Huang IC, Lipscomb J, Stark RB, Skolasky RL. If it's information, it's not "bias": A scoping review and proposed nomenclature for future response-shift research. Quality of Life Research, 2021 in press.
Rapkin, BD, Schwartz CE. What should progress in response-shift research look like? [Letter]. Quality of Life Research, 2021 in press. DOI 10.1007/s11136-021-02962-7.
Rapkin, BD, Schwartz CE. What should progress in response-shift research look like? [Letter]. Quality of Life Research, 2021; Jul 30: 1-3. DOI 10.1007/s11136-021-02962-7.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, Sniderman J, Finkelstein JA. Appraisal and patient-reported outcomes following total hip arthroplasty: A longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00498-z.
Schwartz CE, Huang IC, Rohde G, Skolasky RL. Listening to the elephant in the room: Response-shift effects in clinical trials research. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022;6:105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00510-6.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, Borowiec K, Finkelstein JA. Cognitive processes during recovery: Moving toward personalized spine surgery outcomes. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2022, 12, 1545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12101545.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD. Double-blinded is not better than 'mutually enlightened': Implications of Lord-Besson et al. Invited editorial, JNCI Cancer Spectrum, 2023: February 23. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkad013.
Huang IC, Sim JA, Srivastava DK, Krull KR, Ness KK, Robison LL, Baker JN, Hudson MM, Schwartz CE. Response-shift effects in childhood cancer survivors: A prospective study. Psycho-Oncology 2023: 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.6150.
Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD. Impact of comorbidities on people with and without cancer early in the COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study. Cancer Medicine, 2023; 00:1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.6212.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K, Rapkin BD. Depression trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact of cognitive appraisal processes. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2023;7(67). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-023-00600-z.
Schwartz CE. The story behind "The Elephant in the Room": A long journey begins with a single step. Invited editorial, QualityTALK, August 31 2023.